Top 10 Questions for Orthopaedic Surgeon Interview

1. Describe the steps involved in performing a total knee replacement (TKR) surgery.

In a TKR surgery, the damaged knee joint is replaced with artificial components. The steps involved are:

• Preoperative planning: Assessing the patient’s condition, selecting appropriate implants, and obtaining informed consent.
• Surgical approach: Making an incision over the knee and positioning the patient.
• Exposure of the joint: Removing damaged cartilage and bone to expose the joint surfaces.
• Preparation of the bones: Reshaping the surfaces of the femur and tibia to accommodate the implants.
• Implant placement: Inserting the artificial components (femoral, tibial, and patellar components) into the prepared bone surfaces.
• Balancing the knee: Ensuring proper alignment and stability of the joint.
• Closure: Closing the surgical incision and applying dressings.

2. Discuss the indications and contraindications for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Indications:

• Symptomatic rotator cuff tears with pain, weakness, and functional limitations.
• Tears that are acute or within 6 months of injury.
• Tears that are reparable and involve the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, or subscapularis muscles.

Contraindications:

• Massive, irreparable tears.
• Tears in patients with significant glenohumeral arthritis.
• Tears in patients with severe medical comorbidities.
• Active infection or skin problems at the surgical site.

3. Outline the key principles of fracture management.

The key principles of fracture management include:

• Reduction: Realigning the fractured bone fragments.
• Immobilization: Stabilizing the fracture site to promote healing.
• Restoration of function: Regaining range of motion and strength in the affected limb.
• Prevention of complications: Avoiding infections, non-union, delayed union, and other complications.
• Rehabilitation: Guiding the patient through exercises and therapies to restore full function.

4. Explain the pathophysiology and treatment options for osteomyelitis.

Osteomyelitis is a bone infection that can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Treatment options include:

Antimicrobial therapy:

• Administering antibiotics or antifungals to eliminate the infection.

Surgical debridement:

• Removing dead or infected bone and tissue to prevent further spread.

Immobilization:

• Restricting movement of the affected bone to promote healing.

Other treatments:

• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
• Vacuum-assisted closure therapy.

5. Discuss the evaluation and management of a patient with a suspected ACL tear.

Evaluation:

• History: Asking the patient about the mechanism of injury, symptoms, and time of onset.
• Physical examination: Assessing range of motion, stability, and tenderness.
• Imaging: Obtaining an MRI or ultrasound to confirm the tear.

Management:

• Non-surgical treatment: For partial tears or patients with low functional demands.
• Surgical repair: For complete tears or patients with high functional demands.
• Rehabilitation: Post-operative exercises and therapies to restore function.

6. Describe the surgical techniques used in the treatment of a displaced clavicle fracture.

Plates and screws:

• Inserting plates and screws to stabilize the fracture and maintain alignment.

Intramedullary nailing:

• Inserting a metal rod into the medullary canal of the clavicle to provide support and alignment.

Tension band wiring:

• Using wires to create tension across the fracture site and hold the bones together.

7. Explain the concept of “biologic fixation” in orthopaedic surgery.

Biologic fixation refers to the use of biological materials, such as bone grafts or tendons, to promote healing and stability in orthopaedic procedures. It aims to enhance the body’s natural healing processes by providing a scaffold for bone formation and tissue repair.

8. Discuss the role of arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of knee injuries.

Diagnosis:

• Visualizing the joint to identify tears, cartilage damage, and other abnormalities.

Treatment:

• Repairing torn ligaments or cartilage.
• Removing loose bodies or inflamed tissue.
• Performing biopsies to diagnose conditions.

9. Explain the principles of external fixation in orthopaedics.

External fixation involves using a framework of pins, bars, and clamps applied outside the body to stabilize fractures or other musculoskeletal injuries. It allows for adjustments and dynamic loading, promoting bone healing and maintaining alignment.

10. Discuss the complications that can arise following total hip replacement surgery.

Early complications:

• Infection
• Blood clots
• Dislocation

Late complications:

• Implant loosening
• Periprosthetic fractures
• Aseptic loosening

Orthopaedic Surgeons are highly trained medical professionals who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.

1. Patient Care

Orthopaedic Surgeons provide comprehensive patient care, including:

• Evaluating patients’ medical history and performing physical examinations
• Ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs
• Developing and implementing treatment plans, which may include surgery, medication, physical therapy, or lifestyle changes
• Performing surgeries to repair or replace damaged bones, joints, or muscles
• Providing post-operative care and monitoring patients’ progress

2. Surgical Expertise

Orthopaedic Surgeons possess a high level of surgical expertise, including:

• Performing a wide range of surgical procedures, such as joint replacements, fracture repairs, and spinal surgeries
• Using advanced surgical techniques and technologies
• Collaborating with other healthcare professionals, such as anesthesiologists and nurses, to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes

3. Patient Education and Counseling

Orthopaedic Surgeons play a vital role in educating and counseling patients about their conditions and treatment options, including:

• Explaining the diagnosis and prognosis in a clear and understandable way
• Discussing the benefits and risks of different treatment options
• Providing guidance on lifestyle modifications and rehabilitation exercises

4. Research and Innovation

Orthopaedic Surgeons may also be involved in research and innovation, including:

• Conducting clinical trials to evaluate new treatments and technologies
• Developing new surgical techniques and devices
• Publishing research findings in peer-reviewed journals

Preparing thoroughly for an Orthopaedic Surgeon interview is crucial for success. Here are some tips to help you ace the interview:

1. Research the Hospital and Practice

Take the time to learn about the hospital or clinic where you are interviewing. Visit their website, read about their services and specialties, and familiarize yourself with their mission and values. This will show the interviewer that you are genuinely interested in the position and have taken the initiative to learn about their organization.

2. Practice Your Answers

Prepare for common interview questions by practicing your answers beforehand. Be concise and specific, and use examples to illustrate your skills and experience. For example, when asked about your surgical experience, you could highlight a complex procedure you performed and discuss the challenges you encountered and how you overcame them.

3. Be Enthusiastic and Confident

Interviewers are looking for candidates who are passionate about orthopaedics and eager to contribute to their team. Show your enthusiasm by asking thoughtful questions, expressing your interest in the position, and highlighting your skills and experience that make you a great fit for the role.

4. Dress Professionally

First impressions matter, so dress professionally for your interview. This means wearing a suit or business casual attire, ensuring your clothes are clean and pressed. It is also important to arrive on time for your interview.

5. Be Prepared to Discuss Your Career Goals

Interviewers often ask about your career goals to assess your ambition and long-term aspirations. Be prepared to discuss your short-term and long-term goals, and how the position aligns with your career path.

6. Ask Thoughtful Questions

Asking thoughtful questions at the end of the interview demonstrates your interest in the position and organization. Prepare a few questions that you can ask the interviewer about the team culture, the hospital’s commitment to patient care, or any ongoing research or innovation projects.

7. Follow Up

After the interview, send a thank-you note to the interviewer within 24 hours. Express your appreciation for their time and reiterate your interest in the position. If you have any additional questions or clarifications, you can include them in the note.